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Sexual violence continues unabated in Eastern DRC, despite the signing of various peace accords from 2003 onwards and the promulgation of the 2006 Laws sanctioning sexual violence. This report focuses on community perceptions of sexual violence in Eastern DRC and shows that the persistence of sexual abuse against women but also increasingly against grown men and children is considered by communities in Eastern DRC as one the primary indicator that war is not yet over. The study examines whether the “rape as the weapon of war” analysis for sexual violence, which has become one of the main building-blocks of the international community’s response, is sufficient to explain the persistence of sexual violence, for even though military forces and rebels groups remain the primary perpetrators, sexual violence is also increasingly committed by civilians. The report argues that although it is still valid to describe sexual abuse as a weapon of war in certain circumstances in Eastern DRC, we...

A collection of pamphlets touching on a range of social, economic, political, medial, legal, religious, and other affairs, this archive of British tracts covers more than 20,000 entries across the entire three-century period. It includes a searchable database and page images viewable within the browser. Hosted by the University of Missouri since the 1940s, the collection is founded on the collection of 17,000 pamphlets collected by the Philadelphian bookseller Ralph Howey, but has grown since then to include other donations and acquisitions. Others include petitions, treatises aimed at influencing the British government, including related to issues of war, politics, and society.

The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its allies and collaborators. Holocaust is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community. During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities also targeted other groups because of their perceived racial and biological inferiority: Sinti and Roma, people with disabilities, some of the Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, and others), Soviet prisoners of war, and blacks. Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and homosexuals. This website by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum provides 30 maps of different aspects on the Holocaust and the camp system of...

Former contributing editor to The Atlantic and Vanity Fair columnist, Christopher Hitchens compiled this useful chronology of the key events of the Algerian War for The Atlantic’s November 2006 edition. It gives readers a brief, but thorough overview of the conflict, along with explanations accompanying each event.

The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives (ALBA) is an educational non-profit dedicated to promoting social activism and the defense of human rights. ALBA’s work is inspired by the American volunteers of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade who fought fascism in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). Drawing on the ALBA collections in New York University’s Tamiment Library, the items in the ALBA Digital Library represent four collections that are historically significant and are comprised of letters and other correspondence that reveal the human experience during the Spanish Civil War.

With its origins in the Organization of African Unity, founded in 1963, the African Union has developed since 1999 into an organization designed to facilitate cooperation on the "multifaceted social, economic and political problems compounded as they are by certain negative aspects of globalisation." The website offers users access to official materials, news, and events related to a range of themes, including Peace & Security and Women, Gender & Development. A collection of official foundational documents is available to browse, and site content is fully searchable. In addition to its full English–language edition, the site also features French and Arabic versions.

In the unpublished documents section, the New York Historical Society is making available previously unpublished manuscript documents by, to, or about Alexander Hamilton (1756–1804), American statesman, politician, legal scholar, military commander, lawyer, banker, and economist. The documents from the collections of the New York Historical Society and the holdings of the Gilder Lehrman Collection, including The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, edited by Harold C. Syrett (New York, Columbia University Press, 1961–87), and The Law Practice of Alexander Hamilton: Documents and Commentary, edited by Julius Goebel, Jr. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1964–81), are also available through this database.

The BBC News published this timeline of key events in the Algerian War in April 2019 as part of its series of country profiles. The timeline comes with a brief explanation of each event in relation to corresponding developments in the conflict.

Multimedia resources for K-12 classroom instruction and teacher professional development. As part of its mission to advance excellent teaching in American schools, Annenberg Learner funds and distributes educational video programs – with coordinated online and print materials – for the professional development of K-12 teachers. Many programs are also intended for students in the classroom and viewers at home, with videos that exemplify excellent teaching.

Established in Beirut in 1997, the Arab Image Foundation is a non-profit organization that has acquired and preserved some 600,000 photographs from the Middle East, North Africa and the Arab diaspora. This site offers users access to the results of an ongoing effort to digitize these collections funded by the Violet Jabara Charitable Trust, the Arab Fund for Arts and Culture and the Ford Foundation. The collections can be searched and browsed, and include a number of distinct collections related to particular subjects, events, photographers, or countries of origin.

The Asociación para la Recuperación de la Memoria Histórica (ARMH, Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory) is a Spanish organization that collects oral and written testimonies about the White Terror of Francisco Franco and excavates and identifies their bodies that were often dumped in mass graves. The ARMH arose as a result of the exhumation of a mass grave containing the remains of 13 civilian Republicans murdered by a group of Falangist gunmen in October 1936. As a result of the strong media coverage of the exhumation, hundreds of letters, calls and e-mails reached those responsible for the work. Given the volume of cases of extrajudicial killings and disappearances coming from all over the country and always with the same pattern: kidnapping-murder-disappearance, it was decided to create a civil association to channel all these cases and try to answer questions that the Spanish state has never given. The result is the largest archive of stories of missing...

Created by Stanford University Libraries, the Biblioteca Comunale dell'Archiginnasio, and the Istituto per i Beni Artistici, Culturali e Naturali della Regione Emilia-Romagna, the Bassi-Veratti Collection provides users with digital access to the archive of the influential scientist Laura Bassi (1711–1778), one of the most important and visible scientific women in eighteenth-century Europe, as well as her husband, Giuseppe Veratti (m. 1738). Accessed via a dedicated finding aid, digitized materials (which are drawn only from the Bassi Veratti Collection in the Archiginnasio) include detailed descriptions of the documents: manuscripts, correspondence, accounting materials, legal documents, poems, wills, memoirs, petitions, and related items. Entries are accompanied by brief descriptions in modern Italian and in English, but documents are accessed as images of the originals.

Privately created and maintained, this site comprises an online encyclopedia of the larger interlinked conflicts that make up the English Civil War and the related conflicts that shook Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England alike. It spans the period from the signing of the Scottish National Covenant of 1638 to the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660. The site includes timelines of events, a browseable list of biographical entries, a section on traditional military history of units and tactics, and a series of brief explanations of basic topics of religion, politics, and political philosophy. 

The Congressional Library of Argentina (Biblioteca del Congreso de la Nación) was established in 1856 and this online catalog gathers the bibliographic information of the different collections that the library has, including Argentinian newspapers, speeches by Eva Perón, and volumes related to political figures and governmental documents. The site is primarily in Spanish. 

La Biblioteca Digital Hispánica (BDH), or Hispanica Digital Library is a project of the National Library of Spain, and provides free access to digitized documents and books dating to the 15th century. It also includes manuscripts, drawings, engravings, pamphlets, posters, photographs, maps, atlases, music scores, historic newspapers and magazines and audio recordings. Its goals are disseminating cultural heritage, preserving it, and contributing to broader European Union plans for digital library access. Using the search function, users can access full-text images of sources.

Created by the University Library of Alessandrina (Rome), the digital library provides users with access to several dozen digitized historical periodicals on a range of subjects, including youth, commerce, and general interest, as well as digitized reproductions of catalogs of manuscript and other holdings. All materials and website pages are in Italian.

The "Bibliotheca Electoralis" (from the Latin elector = voter; inc. Elector), founded around 1500, forms the historical founding inventory of the Thuringian University and State Library Jena, Germany (ThULB). The collection set up by Elector Friedrich der Weise (1463-1525) and systematically expanded under his successors contains over 1,500 prints and manuscripts that are of outstanding importance for research into early modern history. In 2008-2012 this inventory was digitized and scientifically processed as part of a project funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). This website provides information on the Bibliotheca Electoralis.