The Militarization of Europe, 1914-1945

In this chapter about militarization in Europe during the two world wars, the author defines militarization as "an encompassing process of violent social formation" and locates its site in the "rearrangement of the triangular relations between mass participation, institutional domination, and elite formation." He locates the genesis of "new-style militarism" in the conjunction of professional soldiers and managerial government, a feature of 1920s and 1930s Germany which began to appear in the second half of the First World War. He uses these German features as the basis for comparison with France and Fascist Italy in this period.