The Aftermath: Women in Post-Conflict Transformation

Part I. Overviews of the Themes (p. 1)
1. There Is No Aftermath for Women (Sheila Meintjes and Anu Pillay and Meredeth Turshen) (p. 3)
Breaking Down the Category 'Women' (p. 5)
Women's Wartime Gains and Potential for Post-war Transformation (p. 7)
The Failure to Consolidate Wartime Gains (p. 8)
The Political Economy of Violence against Women (p. 11)
Myths about ldentity, Problems of Solidarity and Reconciliation (p. 13)
Power and Authority in the Aftermath (p. 15)
Our Vision of a Transformed Society (p. 17)
2. Women in Conflicts, Their Gains and Their Losses (Codou Bop) (p. 19)
Social and Political Gains (p. 20)
Economic Gains (p. 24)
The Loss of Identity (p. 25)
Loss of Bodily Integrity (p. 26)
Adding to Women's Responsibilities (p. 27)
Economic Losses (p. 28)
Women's Loss of Leadership (p. 30)
Losses in Education (p. 32)
Losses in Health (p. 33)
Conclusion (p. 33)
3. Violence against Women in the Aftermath (Anu Pillay) (p. 35)
An Analysis of the Experiences (p. 38)
What Underlies Violence against Women? (p. 39)
What Do Men Lack that Makes Them Inflict Violence on Women? (p. 43)
Emerging Themes (p. 44)
Conclusion (p. 44)
4. Problems of Identity, Solidarity and Reconciliation (Tina Sideris) (p. 46)
Multiple and Shifting Identities--Socially Constructed, Contextually Based (p. 47)
Women Crossing Political and Social Divisions (p. 53)
Truth Commissions, Tribunals and Healing in the Aftermath (p. 57)
Conclusion (p. 60)
5. War and Post-War Shifts in Gender Relations (Sheila Meintjes) (p. 63)
How War Mobilises Women (p. 65)
Military Demobilisation and Political Remobilisation (p. 69)
The Long-term Effects of Wartime Changes (p. 70)
Conclusion (p. 76)
6. Engendering Relations of State to Society in the Aftermath (Meredeth Turshen) (p. 78)
Tradition (p. 80)
Sex and the State (p. 84)
Women in Government (p. 86)
Women in Nongovernmental Organisations (p. 87)
Women in Peace Negotiations (p. 89)
Demobilisation and Demilitarisation (p. 91)
Reconciliation and Reparations (p. 93)
Conclusion (p. 94)
Part II. Contemporary Experiences (p. 97)
7. Ambivalent Gains in South Asian Conflicts (Rita Manchanda) (p. 99)
Kashmir: Domestic 'Accidental' Activism (p. 103)
Backlash: Veiling Kashmiri Women (p. 107)
The Naga People's Struggle: Women of Peace and Militant Women (p. 108)
Civil War in Sri Lanka: Ambivalent Empowerment (p. 112)
Interrogating Agency: Militant Women Bearing Arms (p. 114)
Women in Nepal's People's War: From Invisibility to Visible Protagonist? (p. 116)
Women without Men Take on New Roles (p. 117)
Women Combatants Engendering the People's War (p. 118)
Conclusion (p. 120)
8. Liberated, but Not Free: Women in Post-War Eritrea (Sondra Hale) (p. 122)
The Context (p. 123)
Theoretical Framework and the Policy and Activist Implications (p. 125)
What Do Women Fighters Say about Being Civilians? (p. 127)
The National Union of Eritrean Women after the War (p. 131)
The Organisation and Its Discontents (p. 132)
Class and Ethnic Hierarchies (p. 133)
Education (p. 134)
Politics, Equal Representation and the Constitution (p. 135)
Coexisting with the 'Traditional Order' (p. 136)
What Kind of Organisation is the NUEW? (p. 136)
Some Policy Implications (p. 137)
Conclusion (p. 138)
9. Rape in War and Peace: Social Context, Gender, Power and Identity (Tina Sideris) (p. 142)
The Struggle to Combat Gender-based Violence (p. 144)
Rape in War and Peace: Same Category, Different Experiences? (p. 146)
War: Gender Roles and Gender Identity (p. 150)
Sexual Violence in the Aftermath (p. 153)
Conclusion (p. 157)
10. Between Love, Anger and Madness: Building Peace in Haiti (Myriam Merlet) (p. 159)
Historical and Economic Background (p. 160)
Violence against Women's Bodies (p. 163)
Violent Systems--Economic and Political (p. 166)
Women Fighting Back (p. 168)
11. Caring at the Same Time: On Feminist Politics during the NATO Bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Ethnic Cleansing of Albanians in Kosovo, 1999 (Lepa Mladjenovic) (p. 172)
Background: The Region (p. 173)
Background: The Author (p. 174)
Insisting on Constructionism (p. 175)
Rules for Dealing with Trauma (p. 176)
Resisting the Role of Victim (p. 178)
Work (p. 178)
Fear in Serbia and Montenegro (p. 178)
Fear in Kosova (p. 179)
What We Learned (p. 180)
Without Fear in Belgrade (p. 181)
The Regime's Construction of Fear (p. 181)
Caring at the Same Time (p. 183)
12. Healing And Changing: The Changing Identity of Women in the Aftermath of the Ogoni Crisis in Nigeria (Okechukwu Ibeanu) (p. 189)
Identities and Social Action (p. 189)
Healing and Changing (p. 192)
The Ogoni Crisis (p. 194)
The Ogoni Crisis and Violence against Women (p. 199)
Crisis and the Changing Identity of Ogoni Women (p. 206)
Conclusions (p. 209)
13. Ambivalent Maternalisms: Cursing as Public Protest in Sri Lanka (Malahi de Alwis) (p. 210)
Ritualised Cursing (p. 212)
Situating Sorcery within Maternalist Politics (p. 214)
Towards a Contingent Reading (p. 219)
14. 'We Want Women to Be Given an Equal Chance': Post-Independence Rural Politics in Northern Namibia (Heike Becker) (p. 225)
War and Violence in Northern Namibia (p. 227)
National and Local Gender Politics after Independence (p. 230)
National Discourse on Gender and Tradition (p. 232)
Gender, Power and Traditional Authority in Precolonial and Colonial Ongandjera (p. 234)
After Independence: Women in Traditional Authority Positions (p. 237)
Postcolonial Local Discourses on Gender and Tradition (p. 238)
Conclusion (p. 240)